Where Did Freemasonry Come From?
Freemasonry did not begin all at once in 1717. Its roots lie in medieval building guilds, Scottish lodge records, early ritual texts, and the later rise of Grand Lodge organization. This article traces how those strands came together, and why Freemasonry came to imagine itself as far older than its modern institutions.
Readings, Not Equations
Three goods, three principles, one tempting table—but resemblance is not proof. This essay explores what transformation-minded readings of corn, wine, and oil can illuminate, while marking the point where analogy begins to say more than the evidence allows.